| Job | US | DE | GB | JP | CN | IN | BR | MX |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial floor cleaning | now | now | 2029 (2028–2033) | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 |
| Warehouse order picking (AMR-assisted) | 2029 (2028–after 2035) | 2029 (2028–after 2035) | 2032 (2029–after 2035) | after 2035 (2035–after 2035) | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 |
| Pallet moving | now | now | now | now | 2031 (2029–after 2035) | not by 2035 | after 2035 (2032–after 2035) | after 2035 (2034–after 2035) |
| Security patrol | now | now | now | now | after 2035 (2032–after 2035) | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 |
| Home lawn mowing | now | now | now | 2027 | 2032 (2029–after 2035) | after 2035 (2032–after 2035) | after 2035 (2031–after 2035) | after 2035 (2031–after 2035) |
| Commercial mowing | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 |
| Pool cleaning | now | now | now | now | now | 2031 (2029–after 2035) | 2027 (2027–2030) | 2028 (2027–2030) |
| Window and facade cleaning | now | now | now | now | now | now | now | now |
| Roof inspection | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 |
| Cell tower inspection | now | now | now | now | now | now | now | now |
| Wind turbine blade inspection | now | now | now | now | now | now | now | now |
| Solar farm inspection | now | now | now | now | now | now | now | now |
| Crop spraying | after 2035 (2031–after 2035) | after 2035 (2031–after 2035) | after 2035 (2032–after 2035) | not by 2035 | after 2035 (2035–after 2035) | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 |
| Drone light show vs fireworks | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 |
| Restaurant food running | now | now | now | now | now | not by 2035 | 2029 (2028–2033) | 2033 (2030–after 2035) |
| Hospital deliveries | now | now | now | now | 2033 (2030–after 2035) | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 |
| CNC / injection machine tending | now | now | now | now | now | not by 2035 | now | now |
| Welding | now | now | now | after 2035 (2033–after 2035) | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 |
| End-of-line palletizing | now | now | now | now | 2027 (2027–2028) | not by 2035 | after 2035 (2035–after 2035) | after 2035 (2035–after 2035) |
| Warehouse inventory counting | now | now | now | now | after 2035 (2032–after 2035) | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 |
| Residential snow clearing | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 | not by 2035 |
Crossover year in the base scenario (fast–slow range). Source: Whirrwork, Robot or Human? (whirrwork.com/tools/robot-vs-human/). Modelled estimates, not facts. CC BY 4.0.