{
  "use_case_id": "crop-spraying-drone",
  "use_case": "Crop spraying by drone",
  "quantity": null,
  "unit": "hectare",
  "country": "CA",
  "currency": null,
  "estimate": null,
  "method": "published unit price × quantity (exact unit conversions only); filtered to the best region match; older prices only if nothing newer",
  "notes": [
    "No benchmark specific to CA; the range uses benchmarks from other regions. Local prices can differ a lot.",
    "No quantity given: costs are per 1 hectare.",
    "Arithmetic on published prices, not a quote: scope, access, permits, minimums and travel change real prices. Ask suppliers via submit_rfq."
  ],
  "basis": [
    {
      "kind": "benchmark",
      "provider_id": null,
      "description": "Custom drone spraying survey average, Iowa 2026 (range $8-$16; chemicals not included)",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 8,
        "high": 16,
        "currency": "USD",
        "unit": "per acre"
      },
      "region": "US-IA",
      "region_match": "other_or_global",
      "source_url": "https://farmratebook.com/operations/spray-drone/",
      "as_of": "2026-10",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": "converted hectare to acre (1 hectare = 2.4710538147 acre, exact definition)",
      "cost": {
        "low": 19.77,
        "high": 39.54,
        "currency": "USD"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "benchmark",
      "provider_id": null,
      "description": "Custom drone spraying survey average, Nebraska 2026 ($15.17 avg; range $13-$20)",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 13,
        "high": 20,
        "currency": "USD",
        "unit": "per acre"
      },
      "region": "US-NE",
      "region_match": "other_or_global",
      "source_url": "https://farmratebook.com/operations/spray-drone/",
      "as_of": "2026-10",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": "converted hectare to acre (1 hectare = 2.4710538147 acre, exact definition)",
      "cost": {
        "low": 32.12,
        "high": 49.42,
        "currency": "USD"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "benchmark",
      "provider_id": null,
      "description": "Custom drone spraying survey average, Ohio 2026 ($14.98 avg; range $8-$20)",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 8,
        "high": 20,
        "currency": "USD",
        "unit": "per acre"
      },
      "region": "US-OH",
      "region_match": "other_or_global",
      "source_url": "https://farmratebook.com/operations/spray-drone/",
      "as_of": "2026-10",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": "converted hectare to acre (1 hectare = 2.4710538147 acre, exact definition)",
      "cost": {
        "low": 19.77,
        "high": 49.42,
        "currency": "USD"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "benchmark",
      "provider_id": null,
      "description": "Drone fumigation in Mexico, application only (chemical extra)",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 300,
        "high": 800,
        "currency": "MXN",
        "unit": "per hectare"
      },
      "region": "MX",
      "region_match": "other_or_global",
      "source_url": "https://eavision.com.mx/blog/cuanto-cuesta-fumigar-hectarea-con-dron-mexico/",
      "as_of": "2026-10",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": null,
      "cost": {
        "low": 300,
        "high": 800,
        "currency": "MXN"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "benchmark",
      "provider_id": null,
      "description": "Outsourced drone spraying in Brazil (large flat grain areas at low end)",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 60,
        "high": 150,
        "currency": "BRL",
        "unit": "per hectare"
      },
      "region": "BR",
      "region_match": "other_or_global",
      "source_url": "https://www.planonambiental.com.br/quanto-custa-a-pulverizacao-com-drone.html",
      "as_of": "2026-10",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": null,
      "cost": {
        "low": 60,
        "high": 150,
        "currency": "BRL"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "benchmark",
      "provider_id": null,
      "description": "Drone spraying service in Indonesia, excl. chemicals",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 150000,
        "high": 400000,
        "currency": "IDR",
        "unit": "per hectare"
      },
      "region": "ID",
      "region_match": "other_or_global",
      "source_url": "https://remotepilot.co.id/blog/berapa-biaya-sewa-jasa-drone-penyemprotan-pertanian-per-hektar",
      "as_of": "2026-10",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": null,
      "cost": {
        "low": 150000,
        "high": 400000,
        "currency": "IDR"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "benchmark",
      "provider_id": null,
      "description": "Drone spraying, lowland rate (30 ha minimum)",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 1000,
        "high": 1000,
        "currency": "PHP",
        "unit": "per hectare"
      },
      "region": "PH",
      "region_match": "other_or_global",
      "source_url": "https://newhopecorp.com/",
      "as_of": "2026-10",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": null,
      "cost": {
        "low": 1000,
        "high": 1000,
        "currency": "PHP"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "benchmark",
      "provider_id": null,
      "description": "Drone spray service (limited area only)",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 1200,
        "high": 1200,
        "currency": "PKR",
        "unit": "per acre"
      },
      "region": "PK",
      "region_match": "other_or_global",
      "source_url": "https://agritronics.pk/",
      "as_of": "2026-10",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": "converted hectare to acre (1 hectare = 2.4710538147 acre, exact definition)",
      "cost": {
        "low": 2965,
        "high": 2965,
        "currency": "PKR"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "benchmark",
      "provider_id": null,
      "description": "Drone crop spraying service (ADOZA)",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 200,
        "high": 200,
        "currency": "ZAR",
        "unit": "per hectare"
      },
      "region": "ZA",
      "region_match": "other_or_global",
      "source_url": "https://adoza.net/",
      "as_of": "2026-10",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": null,
      "cost": {
        "low": 200,
        "high": 200,
        "currency": "ZAR"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "benchmark",
      "provider_id": null,
      "description": "US average custom drone spray rate, 2025 (down from $21 in 2024) — American Spray Drone Coalition survey",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 13,
        "high": 13,
        "currency": "USD",
        "unit": "per acre"
      },
      "region": "US",
      "region_match": "other_or_global",
      "source_url": "https://americanspraydronecoalition.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2025-ASDC-Impact-Survey-Results.pdf",
      "as_of": "2026-01",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": "converted hectare to acre (1 hectare = 2.4710538147 acre, exact definition)",
      "cost": {
        "low": 32.12,
        "high": 32.12,
        "currency": "USD"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "benchmark",
      "provider_id": null,
      "description": "Typical custom hire rate for drone spray application (vs ~$12.50/acre crop duster) — University of Missouri Extension",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 16,
        "high": 16,
        "currency": "USD",
        "unit": "per acre"
      },
      "region": "US",
      "region_match": "other_or_global",
      "source_url": "https://extension.missouri.edu/publications/g1274",
      "as_of": "2025-03",
      "older_price": true,
      "unit_conversion": "converted hectare to acre (1 hectare = 2.4710538147 acre, exact definition)",
      "cost": {
        "low": 39.54,
        "high": 39.54,
        "currency": "USD"
      },
      "used_in_range": false
    },
    {
      "kind": "provider_published",
      "provider_id": "omega-drone",
      "description": "Drone agrochemical application",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 390,
        "high": 590,
        "currency": "MXN",
        "unit": "per hectare"
      },
      "region": null,
      "region_match": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://omegadrone.com.mx/aplicacion-de-agroquimicos-con-drones/",
      "as_of": "2026-10",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": null,
      "cost": {
        "low": 390,
        "high": 590,
        "currency": "MXN"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "provider_published",
      "provider_id": "planon-ambiental",
      "description": "Liquid drone application typical range in Brazil",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 60,
        "high": 150,
        "currency": "BRL",
        "unit": "per hectare"
      },
      "region": null,
      "region_match": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://www.planonambiental.com.br/quanto-custa-a-pulverizacao-com-drone.html",
      "as_of": "2026-10",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": null,
      "cost": {
        "low": 60,
        "high": 150,
        "currency": "BRL"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "provider_published",
      "provider_id": "nexag-nex-drones",
      "description": "Drone application floor price within 100 km of Franca/SP",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 85,
        "high": null,
        "currency": "BRL",
        "unit": "per hectare"
      },
      "region": null,
      "region_match": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://loja.nexdrones.com.br/pages/servico-de-aplicacao-nexag",
      "as_of": "2026-10",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": null,
      "cost": {
        "low": 85,
        "high": null,
        "currency": "BRL"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "provider_published",
      "provider_id": "agritronics",
      "description": "Drone spray service (limited area only)",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 1200,
        "high": 1200,
        "currency": "PKR",
        "unit": "per acre"
      },
      "region": null,
      "region_match": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://agritronics.pk/",
      "as_of": "2026-10",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": "converted hectare to acre (1 hectare = 2.4710538147 acre, exact definition)",
      "cost": {
        "low": 2965,
        "high": 2965,
        "currency": "PKR"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "provider_published",
      "provider_id": "adoza",
      "description": "Drone spraying service",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 200,
        "high": 200,
        "currency": "ZAR",
        "unit": "per hectare"
      },
      "region": null,
      "region_match": "unknown",
      "source_url": "https://adoza.net/",
      "as_of": "2026-10",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": null,
      "cost": {
        "low": 200,
        "high": 200,
        "currency": "ZAR"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "provider_published",
      "provider_id": "field-wings",
      "description": "Drone spraying, broadacre low-rate application (customer supplies chemical); rate rises with L/ha",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 30,
        "high": null,
        "currency": "AUD",
        "unit": "per hectare"
      },
      "region": "AU-VIC",
      "region_match": "other_or_global",
      "source_url": "https://field-wings.com/pricing",
      "as_of": "2026-10-25",
      "older_price": false,
      "unit_conversion": null,
      "cost": {
        "low": 30,
        "high": null,
        "currency": "AUD"
      },
      "used_in_range": true
    },
    {
      "kind": "provider_published",
      "provider_id": "drone-commander",
      "description": "Drone spraying/spreading rate card by application rate: $19/ha (1 kg) to $200/ha (140 L or 100 kg); 30 L/ha spraying = $44/ha (prices effective 1 Mar 2024)",
      "unit_price": {
        "low": 19,
        "high": 200,
        "currency": "AUD",
        "unit": "per hectare"
      },
      "region": "AU-QLD",
      "region_match": "other_or_global",
      "source_url": "https://dronecommander.com.au/index.php/tips/",
      "as_of": "2024-03-01",
      "older_price": true,
      "unit_conversion": null,
      "cost": {
        "low": 19,
        "high": 200,
        "currency": "AUD"
      },
      "used_in_range": false
    }
  ],
  "available_units": [
    "acre",
    "hectare",
    "unit",
    "hour"
  ],
  "fx_date": "2026-10-23"
}